从教化视角看铜器铭文与商周祭祀礼仪制度的内在关联
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李思滢
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鲁东大学，山东烟台，264000
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摘要：铜器铭文作为商周时期的重要文字载体，与祭祀礼仪制度共同构成了当时社会教化的核心载体。商周祭祀礼仪以“敬天法祖”为核心，通过规范的仪轨、等级化的陈设构建社会秩序与伦理体系；铜器铭文则以文字记录的形式，将祭祀活动的内涵、礼仪规范与价值理念固化下来，实现教化意义的传承与扩散。从教化视角审视，铜器铭文既是祭祀礼仪制度的文字佐证，又是其教化功能延伸的重要媒介，二者相互赋能、协同共生——祭祀礼仪为铭文提供了书写场景与核心主题，铭文则为礼仪制度的教化功能提供了具象化、文本化的表达，共同服务于商周时期统治合法性建构、宗族伦理维系与社会秩序整合的需求。本文以商周时期典型铜器铭文与传世文献为研究对象，结合出土文物与史料互证方法，从教化内容、教化路径、教化功能三个维度，剖析铜器铭文与商周祭祀礼仪制度的内在关联，揭示二者在早期国家教化体系中的核心作用。
关健词：铜器铭文；商周时期；祭祀礼仪；教化功能；内在关联 |
From the perspective of cultural indoctrination, exploring the intrinsic connection between bronze inscriptions and the sacrificial ritual system of the Shang and Zhou dynasties
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Siying Li
Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, China
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Abstract： As an important textual carrier during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, bronze inscriptions, together with the ritual system of sacrifice, constituted the core carrier of social education at that time. The Shang and Zhou rituals of sacrifice centered on "respecting heaven and following ancestors", constructing social order and ethical systems through standardized rituals and hierarchical arrangements. Bronze inscriptions, on the other hand, solidified the connotation, etiquette norms, and value concepts of sacrificial activities in written form, achieving the inheritance and diffusion of educational significance. From the perspective of education, bronze inscriptions are both textual evidence of the ritual system of sacrifice and an important medium for extending its educational function. The two mutually empower and coexist in harmony - the ritual system of sacrifice provides the writing context and core themes for inscriptions, while inscriptions provide a concrete and textual expression for the educational function of the ritual system, jointly serving the needs of constructing the legitimacy of rule, maintaining clan ethics, and integrating social order during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. This paper takes typical bronze inscriptions and extant literature from the Shang and Zhou dynasties as research objects, combines the method of mutual verification of unearthed artifacts and historical materials, and analyzes the internal relationship between bronze inscriptions and the ritual system of sacrifice in the Shang and Zhou dynasties from three dimensions: educational content, educational path, and educational function, revealing the core role of the two in the early national educational system.
Keywords : bronze inscriptions; Shang and Zhou dynasties; sacrificial rituals; educational function; intrinsic connection
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