特色药用植物种质关键次生代谢产物（黄酮、萜类）定向育种改造与绿色提取化工工艺开发
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聂佳磊
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江苏海洋大学，江苏连云港，222005
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摘要：特色药用植物是天然活性产物、中医药产业与绿色生物化工领域的核心种质资源，当前我国药用植物种质普遍存在有效成分含量低、种质性状不稳定、自然选育周期长、传统提取工艺高污染、低利用率等痛点。为破解种质育种与产物加工脱节、工艺能耗高、产物得率低的行业难题，本研究以特色药用植物优异种质为研究对象，依托多组学联合分析技术筛选黄酮、萜类合成关键调控基因，结合CRISPR/Cas9 定向育种技术完成种质性状精准改良，构建高活性次生代谢产物富集的新型药用植物种质体系。同时，摒弃传统有机溶剂萃取工艺，开发超声- 低共熔溶剂耦合绿色提取化工技术，通过响应面法优化提取工艺参数，建立低能耗、无污染、高得率的次生代谢产物清洁提取工艺体系。研究结果可实现“种质定向改良—活性物质富集—绿色化工提取”全链条技术创新，有效提升特色药用植物资源利用效率与产业附加值，为药用植物种业创新与绿色生物化工产业化融合发展提供理论支撑与技术范式。
关健词：药用植物；种质资源；次生代谢产物；定向育种；黄酮；萜类；绿色提取工艺；生物化工 |
Targeted Breeding Modification of Key Secondary Metabolites (Flavonoids, Terpenoids) in Special Medicinal Plant Germplasms and Development of Green Extraction Chemical Processes
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Jialei Nie
Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang Jiangsu 222005, China
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Abstract：Medicinal specialty plants constitute core germplasm resources for natural bioactive compounds, the traditional Chinese medicine industry and green biochemical engineering. At present, germplasms of medicinal plants in China are generally plagued by low contents of active ingredients, unstable agronomic traits, long cycles of natural selective breeding, as well as high pollution and low utilization efficiency of conventional extraction processes. To tackle industrial bottlenecks including disconnection between germplasm breeding and product processing, high energy consumption and low yield of target compounds, this study takes elite germplasms of medicinal specialty plants as research materials. Multi-omics conjoint analysis is adopted to screen key regulatory genes responsible for flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthesis, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted breeding technology is applied to precisely improve germplasm traits, so as to establish a new germplasm system enriched with high-activity secondary metabolites. Meanwhile, conventional organic solvent extraction is replaced by an ultrasonic-deep eutectic solvent coupled green extraction biochemical technology. Response surface methodology is utilized to optimize extraction parameters, forming a clean extraction system featuring low energy consumption, zero pollution and high product yield. This research realizes full-chain technological innovation covering "targeted germplasm improvement — enrichment of active substances — green biochemical extraction". It can substantially raise the resource utilization efficiency and industrial added value of medicinal specialty plants, and provide theoretical support and technical paradigms for the integrated industrial development of medicinal plant germplasm innovation and green biochemical engineering.
Keywords : medicinal plants; germplasm resources; secondary metabolites; targeted breeding; flavonoids; terpenoids; green extraction process; biochemical engineering
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